┤動 物 流 ANIMAL STREAMS├

除了體型稍偏大外，這款模型可算是各家同種物種中"素模"最貼近真實斑鬣狗的一款，可惜的是整體顏色表現突兀，特別是嘴皮和鮮艷的口腔，如換成帶灰的粉紅膚色應該會更合適，要是原廠能調整比例與配色，肯定給牠滿分。收到後左看右看顏色怎麼喬都不順眼，只好重新塗裝啦～

*2021.10.17補上塗裝後的照片，看起來順眼多了，非常成功，鬣狗就是要看起來髒髒黑黑的才叫鬣狗。

斑鬣狗 (資料來自於維基百科)
斑鬣狗（學名：Crocuta crocuta），又名斑點鬣狗、斑點土狼，是食肉目下的哺乳動物。牠們體形中等偏大，是陸地上的肉食性動物，棲息地位於非洲。斑鬣狗能夠發出低沉及像鳥的吠聲和很像人的笑聲。雖然斑鬣狗經常被誤認為是吃腐肉的，但牠們其實是經驗豐富的獵食者，大部份的食物都是來自活的獵物。斑鬣狗是撒哈拉以南非洲最普遍的掠食者，棲息在非洲的大草原。

斑鬣狗是於1777年由德國自然學家約翰·克里斯蒂安·波利卡普·埃爾克斯勒本首次正式描述的。斑鬣狗學名的古希臘文字根被老普林尼用來描述一種衣索比亞的不明動物，有可能就是鬣狗。這個字根是來自番紅花屬的學名，是古時的一種黃色染料。在文學上意思是「番紅花顏色的物體」。雖然斑鬣狗有一些像犬科，但牠們其實是更為接近靈貓科。斑鬣狗屬於貓型亞目，故較接近貓科而多於犬科。斑鬣狗是鬣狗科中現時最大型的成員。相信斑鬣狗的祖先是於上新世（533-180萬年前）從縞鬣狗分支出來。由於當時劍齒虎開始消失，並由短牙的貓科所取代，一些鬣狗開始自行獵食及演化成新的物種，包括現今的斑鬣狗。




Spotted Hyena (information from wikipedia)
The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), also known as the laughing hyena, is a species of hyena native to Sub-Saharan Africa. It is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN on account of its widespread range and large numbers estimated between 27,000 and 47,000 individuals. The species is however experiencing declines outside of protected areas due to habitat loss and poaching. The species may have originated in Asia, and once ranged throughout Europe for at least one million years until the end of the Late Pleistocene. The spotted hyena is the largest member of the Hyaenidae, and is further physically distinguished from other species by its vaguely bear-like build, its rounded ears, its less prominent mane, its spotted pelt, its more dual purposed dentition, its fewer nipples and the presence of a pseudo-penis in the female. It is the only mammalian species to lack an external vaginal opening.

The spotted hyena is the most social of the Carnivora in that it has the largest group sizes and most complex social behaviours. Its social organisation is unlike that of any other Carnivore, bearing closer resemblance to that of cercopithecine primates (baboons and macaques) with respect to group-size, hierarchical structure, and frequency of social interaction among both kin and unrelated group-mates. However, the social system of the spotted hyena is openly competitive rather than cooperative, with access to kills, mating opportunities and the time of dispersal for males depending on the ability to dominate other clan-members. Females provide only for their own cubs rather than assist each other, and males display no paternal care. Spotted hyena society is matriarchal; females are larger than males, and dominate them.[

2014年各家預購清單如下




2014將會是讓人失心風大失血的一年~~~精品實在是太多拉

CollectA
88574 灰色夏爾母馬 (Grey Shire Horse Mare)
2014/04月已入手，2013精品之一（考慮很久要不要下單，很喜歡牠的整體神態和臉部感覺)。

88597 小中美貘 (Baird's Tapir Calf)
2014/04月已入手，買牠是為了和Mojö的母巴西貘配對 (其他家的貘仔個人沒有特喜歡)。

88656 袋獾 (Tassie Devil)
已有外國網友分享了實品照，大愛牠張嘴的pose，口內塗裝很細膩，決定入手。

88664 非洲野驢 (African Wild Ass)
已有外國網友分享了實品照，動態雖稍嫌呆板但目測絕對是年度精品。

88665 黑背狐狼 (Black-Backed Jackal)
已有外國網友分享了實品照，細長的身型和背部的塗裝相當寫實。

88689 山藪羚 (Mountain Nyala)
已有外國網友分享了實品照，決定入手，目測絕對是年度精品。


Papo
50152 大食蟻獸 (Gharial Giant Anteater)
2015已入手，2014精品之一。

50154 恆河鱷 (Gharial)
2014已入手，2013精品之一。

50155 母河馬 (Female Hippopotamus)
已有外國網友分享了實品照，決定入手，檔次不輸公河馬。

50160 雪豹 (Snow Leopard)
已有外國網友分享了實品照，決定入手，實品塗裝雖沒有母獅和母虎那麼精緻，也達到收藏水準。

50162 小狼 (Wolf Cub)
2015已入手。


Mojö
387178 母巴西貘 (Brazilian tapir female)
2014已入手。

鼎鼎大名三大鯨之一，目前網路價格炒的正火熱，也不知未來會不會再度回到市場，S社的諸多海洋生物 (鯨魚鯊魚等) 其實並非全然出自於S旗下，某些物種是與Maia & Borges公司合作的結晶，該廠商旗下的海洋生物雖塗裝不如S社來的精緻，但其素模可說非常漂亮 (這邊有一些網友找到的產品圖片)，越簡單的動物真是越難刻劃呀！幸運的是當初下訂單時，這隻灰鯨正好是廠商手中最後一隻，鯨身佈滿大大小小的坑洞，看起來非常滄桑。

灰鯨(資料來自於wiki百科)
灰鯨（Eschrichtius robustus），現又稱東太平洋灰鯨，其他稱呼有加州灰鯨、魔鬼魚、掘貝者和弱鯨，是一種每年來往攝食區和繁殖區的鯨。為灰鯨科灰鯨屬的動物。在中國大陸，分布於黃海、東海等海域，多棲息於熱帶及暖溫帶海域。該物種的模式產地在瑞典。牠們約有16 米長，36公頓重，一般可活到50–60歲。灰鯨曾一度被稱為「魔鬼魚」，因為當牠們被追獵時會奮力搏鬥。灰鯨是灰鯨屬中唯一的物種，亦是灰鯨科中唯一的物種。這種動物是最古老的物種之一，在地球上已有約3000萬年的歷史。在很久之前牠們一度是巨牙鯊的捕食對象（巨牙鯊現已滅絕）。

目前灰鯨在太平洋有兩族群：其中一個不多於300隻灰鯨的小族群的遷徙路線沒有人知道，但一般推測是在鄂霍次克海和南南韓之間，而另一大族群（東太平洋族群）的遷徙路線則是在阿拉斯加和下加利福尼亞州之間。而北大西洋從前亦曾有第3個族群，不過在300年前已因被大量獵殺而滅絕。成年的灰鯨膚色是棕灰或淺灰，全身覆蓋著淡色中夾雜白色或橘色的斑點，腹部的顏色較淺。身體後部的皮膚上凹凸不平。




Gray Whale (information from wikipedia)
The gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) is a baleen whale that migrates between feeding and breeding grounds yearly. It reaches a length of 14.9 meters (49 ft), a weight of 36 tonnes (40 short tons), and lives between 55 and 70 years. The common name of the whale comes from the gray patches and white mottling on its dark skin. Gray whales were once called devil fish because of their fighting behavior when hunted. The gray whale is the sole living species in the genus Eschrichtius, which in turn is the sole living genus in the family Eschrichtiidae. This mammal descended from filter-feeding whales that developed at the beginning of the Oligocene, over 30 million years ago.

The gray whale is distributed in an eastern North Pacific (North American) population and a critically endangered western North Pacific (Asian) population. North Atlantic populations were extirpated (perhaps by whaling) on the European coast before 500 AD and on the American coast around the late 17th to early 18th centuries. However, on May 8, 2010, a sighting of a gray whale was confirmed off the coast of Israel in the Mediterranean Sea, leading some scientists to think they might be repopulating old breeding grounds that have not been used for centuries.

如同大多海洋堂比較早期的模型，這款山貓無論塗裝動態都很自然，只可惜接縫位於明顯的腹部。

對馬山貓 (資料來自於維基百科)
對馬山貓（Prionailurus bengalensis euptailurus）只生存在對馬海峽的對馬島上，數量已經很少，在1997年估計只有70-90隻。對馬山貓最初被認為是另一個種，後來被歸為豹貓的亞種，現在認為是中國東北地區豹貓的一個亞種。


Tsushima Leopard Cat (information from Tsushima Island)
Tsushima Leopard Cats inhabit only the island of Tsushima. They are about the same size as domestic cats; however, the differences are that Tsushima cats have stripes on the middle of their forehead and have rounded ears with white spots on the back. They were designated as a national natural treasure in 1971. Tsushima cats are also listed as endangered species.

During the 1960~1963 investigation, there were 250~300 Tsushima cats living in Tsushima. However, the number has decreased to 80~100 today. Such reasons are: decrease in habitat availability, traffic accidents, and infectious diseases from domestic cats.

s社2013重新出產的這款新公牛在塗裝上與老款比起來水準又是大大提升，原本老款不對稱的牛角也做了調整，公牛垂墜的頸部和下腹部的皮囊，軀幹點狀的噴色，眼部淺色塗裝等細節真讓人愛不釋手。

德州長角牛(資料來自於美國之音)
德克薩斯州最持久的一個象徵就是長角牛。這種牛的生命力非常堅韌，在19世紀時，由牛仔們帶到北方販賣，並且在西部各地被用來做繁殖用。曾經有一段時間，也就是在20世紀初期，隨著牧場主們開始飼養其他的品種，長角牛在數量上一度減少。但是，目前長角牛又再次流行起來。但是從歐洲來的其他品種最終取代了長角牛。到20世紀初，長角牛幾乎瀕臨絕種。不過，一小部份牧場主沒有放棄他們的長角牛，而且最近幾十年，這一品種又開始流行起來。

西班牙的殖民者最早是在大約500年前把長角牛帶到美洲大陸的，後來經由墨西哥，來到美國的德州。不過達穆思説，長角牛的起源恐怕還要更早。來自非洲和西班牙的長角牛本身非常強壯。在到美洲的長途運輸當中，那些本來不那麼強壯的長角牛在途中死去，活下來的要在更加艱苦的環境裏生存下去。只有那些最頑強的牛，才能在墨西哥北部和德州乾旱的平原上活下來。所以説，被稱為德州長角牛的這一品種要比它的祖先強壯的多。




Texas Longhorn (information from wikipedia)
The Texas Longhorn is a breed of cattle known for its characteristic horns, which can extend to 7 ft (2.1 m) tip to tip for steers and exceptional cows, and 36 to 80 in (0.91 to 2.0 m) tip to tip for bulls. Similar cattle were imported by Spanish colonists into other parts of North America, including California and Florida. Horns can have a slight upward turn at their tips or even triple twist. Texas Longhorns are known for their diverse coloring. A longhorn can be any color or mix of colors but dark red and white color mixes are the most dominant.

As Texas became more heavily settled following annexation by the US, the frontier gave way to established farms and ranch lands. The leaner longhorn beef was not as attractive in an era where tallow was highly prized, and the longhorn's ability to survive on the poor vegetation of the open range was no longer as much of an issue. Other breeds demonstrated traits more highly valued by the modern rancher, such as the ability to gain weight quickly.

這匹體型非常削瘦的馬是s家名馬系列中少數頭身比例比較接近真馬的一款，收藏者各方評價可謂好壞參雜 (有些人覺得牠太瘦)，就以個人觀感看來，牠是除了漢諾威馬之外我最喜歡的一匹，細長的腿與歷歷可見的肋骨，看起來非常優雅，風格獨出。

阿克哈-塔克馬(資料來自於台灣wiki)
有關阿克哈-塔克馬起源的英文數據非常的少，這些為數很少的英文數據並不太可靠。其中關於它的起源，有些資料說它產於俄羅斯，其實不然。也有人將他歸類在溫血馬，其實它應該和阿拉伯馬 (Arabian) 與英國純血馬(Thoroughbred)一樣是熱血馬，而且更古老的阿克哈-塔克馬對溫血馬的影響應該更大。阿克哈-塔克馬是唯一保留古老的土庫曼馬 (Turkmene) 純正血統的後裔，這延續祖先香火的馬，在不同的時代有不同的名字。馬沙蓋特馬 (Massaget)、巴底亞馬 (Parthian)、尼西馬 (Nisean)、波斯馬 (Persian)、土庫曼馬 (Turkmene)、最後叫做阿克哈-塔克馬。在土庫曼南方挖掘到公元前2400年前的馬骨骸，就有類似的高大完美的骨骼。三千年前在需要快速度的戰場上，就有用到和現在的阿克哈-塔克馬樣子非常接近的戰馬。「阿克哈-塔克」這個名字只能追溯到十九世紀末，它是由兩個字組成的：阿克哈 (Akhal) 是一條長長的綠洲，躺在KopetDagMountains的山腳下 (這裡曾是古代波斯帝國的一部分，現在是土庫曼)，塔克(Teke)是個游牧民族的稱呼，在他們入侵土庫曼游牧民族佔領了這片綠洲之後，騎了好幾個世紀的土庫曼馬。

地理因素深遠的造就了阿克哈-塔克馬這個獨特的品種。戰爭、侵略、貿易等來來去去的人潮與馬潮遍佈於中亞的歷史，但卻往往繞過阿克哈綠洲。西邊有裏海 (CaspianSea)，南邊有山，北邊有沙漠，是塔克族人的天然屏障，也造就了他們引以為傲的馬的穩定基因。多沙的KaraKum沙漠涵蓋土庫曼90%的面積，變化多端的氣候，酷熱與酷寒，使得他演化成世界上最堅忍、最有耐力的馬之一。


Akhal-Teke horse (information from wikipedia)
The Akhal-Teke (/ˌækəlˈtɛk/ or /ˌækəlˈtɛki/; from Turkmen Ahalteke, [ahalˈteke]) is a horse breed from Turkmenistan, where they are a national emblem. They have a reputation for speed and endurance, intelligence, and a distinctive metallic sheen. The shiny coat of palominos and buckskins led to their nickname "Golden Horses". These horses are adapted to severe climatic conditions and are thought to be one of the oldest extant horse breeds. There are currently about 6,600 Akhal-Tekes in the world, mostly in Turkmenistan and Russia, although they are also found throughout Europe and North America.

There are several theories regarding the original ancestry of the Akhal-Teke, some dating back thousands of years. The tribes of Turkmenistan selectively bred the horses, recording their pedigrees orally and using them for raiding. The breed was used in the losing fight against the Russian Empire, and was subsumed into the Empire along with its country. The Akhal-Teke has influenced many other breeds, including several Russian breeds. There has also been some crossbreeding with the Thoroughbred to create a fast, long-distance racehorse, but the resulting horses did not have the endurance of the purebred Akhal-Teke. The studbook was closed in 1932 The Russians printed the first stud book for the breed in 1941, including over 700 horses.

2013年退出市場的鯨鯊，目測再過ㄧ段時間後應該也會和三大鯨ㄧ樣價格水漲船高，不知是否因為S社在策略上有所轉換，這系列的海洋生物在3年內陸陸續續退場，雖然頭部的白斑不如型錄般細膩，牠那體側深灰到白色的噴色依舊很美。

鯨鯊 (資料來自於維基百科)
鯨鯊（學名：Rhincodon typus），又名鯨鮫、豆腐鯊、大憨鯊，是世界上最大型的鯊魚，也是世界上最大的魚，屬於軟骨魚綱鬚鯊目鯨鯊科，也是目前世界上體型最大的魚類。截至目前為止，生物學家實際記錄到的最大尺寸為12.65公尺長，21.5公噸重，其他體型更大的個體報告並未確認。鯨鯊為鯨鯊科（Rhincodontidae，1984年前稱為Rhinodontes）及鯨鯊屬中唯一的成員，生物學家認為這種鯊魚大約出現在6000萬年前

鯨鯊生活在熱帶和溫帶海域中，壽命可達70年至100年。雖然鯨鯊具有非常寬大的嘴巴，不過牠們其實是一種濾食動物，主要捕食小型動植物（包括浮游生物），但英國廣播公司的自然紀錄片《行星地球》曾拍攝到一條鯨鯊正在捕食一群小型魚類。鯨鯊棲息在熱帶與溫帶海域，大約分布在南北緯30度的範圍內，也會有遷移行為[3]。鯨鯊每年春天會遷移到西澳大利亞中部的大陸棚海域，這裡的寧歌路珊瑚礁（Ningaloo Reef）為鯨鯊提供了豐富的食物來源（浮游生物）。鯨鯊以浮游生物為主食，牠們會在一些海域進行季節性的覓食活動，例如西澳大利亞寧歌路珊瑚礁、宏都拉斯、菲律賓董索與八打雁（Batangas）、坦尚尼亞奔巴島、馬菲亞島與桑吉巴、印度大卡吉鹽沼地（Great Rann of Kutch）、墨西哥尤卡坦州穆赫雷斯島及荷布斯島、馬達加斯加貝島、印度尼西亞烏戎庫隆國家公園等地，以色列埃拉特也有非常少數的鯨鯊聚集。



Whale Shark (information from wikipedia)
The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is a slow-moving filter feeding shark and the largest known extant fish species. The largest confirmed individual had a length of 12.65 metres (41.50 ft) and a weight of more than 21.5 metric tons (47,000 lb), and there are unconfirmed reports of considerably larger whale sharks. Claims of individuals over 14 metres (46 ft) long and weighing at least 30 metric tons (66,000 lb) are not uncommon. The whale shark holds many records for sheer size in the animal kingdom, most notably being by far the largest living non-mammalian vertebrate, rivalling many of the largest dinosaurs in weight. It is the sole member of the genus Rhincodon and the family, Rhincodontidae (called Rhiniodon and Rhinodontidae before 1984), which belongs to the subclass Elasmobranchii in the class Chondrichthyes. The species originated approximately 60 million years ago.

The whale shark is found in tropical and warm oceans and lives in the open sea with a lifespan of about 70 years. Although whale sharks have very large mouths, as filter feeders they feed mainly, though not exclusively, on plankton, which are microscopic plants and animals. However, the BBC program Planet Earth filmed a whale shark feeding on a school of small fish. The same documentary showed footage of a whale shark timing its arrival to coincide with the mass spawning of fish shoals and feeding on the resultant clouds of eggs and sperm.

動物模型收集者都知道的Papo家貓科精品之一，真想知道牠的斑點是用什麼手法上色的? 噴色非常細膩，不像市上大多貓科動物的紋路塗裝總給人一種僵硬感(P家的貓科斑紋總有種霧霧的朦朧感)，背部紅褐～下腹部淺黃的層次也非常自然，這款小豹雖然和ｐ家的其他貓科比起來體積稍小了點，其水準完全不輸經典母獅。

美洲豹 (資料來自於維基百科)
美洲豹（學名：Panthera onca），也叫美洲虎，是豹屬動物，乃貓科中繼虎和獅之後的第三大物種，同時亦為西半球最大型和最強健的貓科動物，外表型態的確和豹極為相似，但較粗壯，圓斑中有黑點，生態位也較像虎。是美洲地區唯一的豹屬動物。現時美洲豹分布於墨西哥至中美洲大部分地區，南至巴拉圭及阿根廷北部。除了已被發現在亞利桑那州的美洲豹繁殖族群（在圖森南部），美洲豹自1900年代初開始就已在美國消失（地區性絕種）。雖然如此，一些美洲豹的族群仍然很可能存在於美國一些未被觀察的地區，包括南亞利桑那州、新墨西哥州甚至德克薩斯州。

美洲豹的外貌與豹非常相似，但其體型一般比豹大，身軀也比豹健壯，行為和棲息的習性也與虎相似。美洲豹較喜歡棲於樹木茂密的熱帶雨林，但牠們亦會廣泛分布於高山、平原等不同的地方。牠們生活於多水之地，且跟虎一樣，是喜歡游泳的貓科動物。美洲豹愛獨行，是蟄伏突襲的掠食者，在選擇獵物方面，牠們完全是投機取巧的。牠們是頂級掠食者和基石物種，在平衡生態系統和調節獵物數量方面佔著舉足輕重的地位。美洲豹有異常驚人的咬力，甚至比其他大貓也強得多，讓牠們能咬穿爬行動物的厚皮或甲殼和使用一種不常見的殺戮方式：直接把獵物的顱骨從耳部咬穿，對獵物的腦部造成致命的損傷。

美洲豹是近危物種，其數量至今仍然正不斷下降。牠們的棲息地不斷減少，對美洲豹造成很大的威脅。雖然美洲豹的貿易已被全面禁止，但牠們仍然常被人類捕殺，尤其是在南美洲，牧場工人和農夫經常與美洲豹發生衝突，而死傷的往往都是美洲豹，令牠們的數量繼續下降。美洲豹的數量已大幅下降，但其分布地仍然非常廣大。美洲豹在很多美洲土著文化的神話中常常出現，包括馬雅和阿茲特克。



Jaguar (information from wikipedia)
The jaguar (/ˈdʒæɡwɑr/ or UK /ˈdʒæɡjuː.ər/), Panthera onca, is a big cat, a feline in the Panthera genus, and is the only Panthera species found in the Americas. The jaguar is the third-largest feline after the tiger and the lion, and the largest in the Western Hemisphere. The jaguar's present range extends from Southwestern United States and Mexico across much of Central America and south to Paraguay and northern Argentina. Apart from a known and possibly breeding population in Arizona (southeast of Tucson), the cat has largely been extirpated from the United States since the early 20th century.

This spotted cat most closely resembles the leopard physically, although it is usually larger and of sturdier build and its behavioral and habitat characteristics are closer to those of the tiger. While dense rainforest is its preferred habitat, the jaguar will range across a variety of forested and open terrains. It is strongly associated with the presence of water and is notable, along with the tiger, as a feline that enjoys swimming. The jaguar is largely a solitary, opportunistic, stalk-and-ambush predator at the top of the food chain (an apex predator). It is a keystone species, playing an important role in stabilizing ecosystems and regulating the populations of the animals it hunts. The jaguar has an exceptionally powerful bite, even relative to the other big cats. This allows it to pierce the shells of armored reptiles and to employ an unusual killing method: it bites directly through the skull of prey between the ears to deliver a fatal bite to the brain

在現實生活中，馬也是我個人很喜歡的動物之一，每每看到節目介紹外國普遍有農場環境可養馬時，真令人感到羨慕不已，Schleich的名馬系列到2014年目前為止我手上只有三匹，其中二匹是公漢諾威馬和新版母馬，原本安達魯西亞母馬的造型個人甚喜歡，後來終究沒入手（頭比例有點太大，不然塗裝和造型確實是不錯），漢諾威公馬個方評價普遍不錯，姿態塗裝四平八穩，可謂保守風格下的佳品（笑），S家在2013年的名馬系列花了許多心思在馬鬃造型。




漢諾威馬(資料來自於互動百科)
漢諾威溫血馬是專門用在障礙超越、馬場馬術、三日越野賽與馬車競賽等馬術比賽的溫血馬，可說一定是目前世界上最受歡迎的比賽用馬，在世界各國的障礙超越與馬場馬術代表隊裡都可看到。

它是徹徹底底的德國馬，起源於德國北部的下薩克森 (Lower Saxony) 地區，以前漢諾威王國的領土，在那裡已有超過四百年繁榮的育馬事業。1735年開始有官方的血統登記簿。三百年來為了不同的特定目的仔細的育種。它的原始血統還相當不討人喜歡，後來利用精挑細選的英國純血馬 (Thoroughbred) 與當地的母馬交配，以改良騎兵馬與農用馬的品質，後來漢諾威馬的培育目標多轉向馬術運動用的騎乘馬，逐漸的加入阿拉伯馬 (Arab) 與特雷克納馬 (Trakehner) 等血統，進而發展成現代的漢諾威馬。




Hanoverian horse (information from wikipedia)
A Hanoverian is a warmblood horse originating in Germany, which is often seen in the Olympic Games and other competitive English riding styles, and have won gold medals in all three equestrian Olympic competitions. It is one of the oldest, most numerous, and most successful of the warmbloods. Originally a carriage horse, infusions of Thoroughbred blood lightened it to make it more agile and useful for competition. The Hanoverian is known for a good temperament, athleticism, beauty, and grace.

The horses are elegant, strong, and robust. They are bred to be willing and trainable, and have a strong back, powerful body, athletic movement, and strong limbs. Chestnut, bay, brown, black, and gray are found the most often. Regulations prohibit horses with too much white, and buckskin, palomino and cremello horses from being registered.

相比於Schleich，Papo的野生動物系列在水準上一直有相當大的落差，不是像雕塑藝術般的精品，就是慘不忍賭，實品和型錄往往有一定程度的落差，所以在沒看到其它人開箱前，本人是一律不敢安心下手採購。這組河馬父子就是其中的經典 (P社將於2014出閉嘴母河馬)，張嘴仰天的姿態，油亮亮的膚質，垂墜的厚皮和屁股上的疣無一不生動寫實，唯一可惜的是大河馬口內塗裝層次稍嫌單薄，如能將獸牙加上黃色斑漬那就更棒了。


河馬 (資料來自於維基百科)
河馬（學名：Hippopotamus amphibius）的名字源自於希臘語「ιπποπόταμος」(英文名稱即hippopotamus，希臘語的hippos即「馬」，potamus即「河」），英文常縮寫成「hippo」，是源自非洲的大型草食性哺乳類動物，是生物分類法裡河馬科中的兩個延伸物種的其中一個 (另一個是倭河馬)。

河馬是群居動物，每群大約有40隻。壽命為40至50歲。雌性河馬在5至6歲時發情交配，妊娠期8月。鼻子有防水活動肉膜，所以能潛入水中30分鐘。河馬是半水生的，棲息在撒哈拉以南非洲的河裡或湖中，通常高達40頭以上的族群。白天的時候牠們會為了保持身體的清涼而待在水中或泥沼裡；公河馬具有領域性，繁殖及生產皆發生在公河馬掌控延伸的水域中。牠們會在傍晚的時候出水域來吃草。然而，雖然河馬在水中互相倚靠休息時會在水中的領域內，但吃草是屬單獨的活動，河馬在陸地上是沒有領域性的。

河馬肥胖的身軀沒有一根毛，也沒有汗腺，卻會分泌出一種紅色的黏性液體，保護皮膚免受脫水龜裂。河馬走路時不但邊走邊排下大小便，還會用尾巴把糞便撥向四周。在同類爭執中，河馬有時更會把糞便當作暗器撥向對方。不過河馬不雅的排便行為其實對生態很有裨益。其外型看來十分溫和，甚至有點滑稽，但事實上性格與其外型完全相反。河馬不僅凶殘而且十分暴躁，再加上領域性極強，任何動物接近，牠都會主動攻擊，是世界上最危險的生物之一。其跑步時速可達四十公里，是非洲每年殺死最多人的動物。由於河馬的巨大體型與攻擊性，它幾乎沒有天敵，連鱷魚與獅子都時常被其殺害。唯一的天敵是人類。


Hippopotamus (information from wikipedia)
The hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), or hippo, from the ancient Greek for "river horse" (ἱπποπόταμος), is a large, mostly herbivorous mammal in sub-Saharan Africa, and one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae (the other is the pygmy hippopotamus). After the elephant and rhinoceros, the hippopotamus is the third-largest type of land mammal and the heaviest extant artiodactyl. Despite their physical resemblance to pigs and other terrestrial even-toed ungulates, their closest living relatives are cetaceans (whales, porpoises, etc.) from which they diverged about 55 million years ago. The common ancestor of whales and hippos split from other even-toed ungulates around 60 million years ago. The earliest known hippopotamus fossils, belonging to the genus Kenyapotamus in Africa, date to around 16 million years ago.

The hippopotamus is semiaquatic, inhabiting rivers, lakes and mangrove swamps, where territorial bulls preside over a stretch of river and groups of five to 30 females and young. During the day, they remain cool by staying in the water or mud; reproduction and childbirth both occur in water. They emerge at dusk to graze on grasses. While hippopotamuses rest near each other in the water, grazing is a solitary activity and hippos are not territorial on land.

西門塔爾牛如果是摔跤選手的話，那麼2013出品的西班牙鬥牛就是劍客，Schleich雖然沒有清楚標註出這頭黑公牛的品種，但是官網特別標明了"黑公牛是西班牙的代表動物"，由此可推測牠應該就是大家所熟悉的西班牙鬥牛，S家2013有蹄動物的塗裝做了許多調整，其中最明顯的就是蹄紋的上色層次更細緻，此牛造型設計也加入了過去比較少見的鼻環做配件 (鼻環是固定的)，牛角紋路也相當出色。

西班牙鬥牛 (資料來自於維基百科)
西班牙鬥牛（西班牙語：Toro de lidia），是西班牙鬥牛業所開發出來專門用於同鬥牛士角斗的家牛品種。這一品種體格強壯、生性兇猛，在其生長過程中經過了精心訓練



Spanish Fighting Bull (information from wikipedia)
The Spanish Fighting Bull (Toro Bravo, toro de lidia, toro lidiado, ganado bravo, Touro de Lide) is an Iberian heterogeneous cattle population. It is primarily bred free-range on extensive estates in Southern Spain, Portugal and Latin American countries where bull fighting is organized. Fighting bulls are selected primarily for a certain combination of aggression, energy, strength, and stamina.

The fighting bull is characterized by its aggressive behavior, especially when solitary or unable to flee. Many are colored black or dark brown, but other colorations are normal. They reach maturity slower than meat breeds as they were not selected to be heavy, having instead a well-muscled "athletic" look, with a prominent morillo, a complex of muscles over the shoulder and neck which gives the bull its distinctive profile and strength with its horns. The horns are longer than in most other breeds and are also present in both males and females.

Papo農場動物系列中難得的精品，母豬細小的蹄子，下垂的耳朵，豐腴的乳房，捲捲的小尾巴與尖尖的鼻頭都是亮點，和印象中肥碩癡呆總是留口水的胖豬不同，整體給人一種無違和的輕巧感，兩頭小豬有淺褐色的眼睛，母子三豬覓食的姿態相當自然，相較之下同系列的公豬就僵直多了。

大白豬 (資料來自於維基百科)
大白豬，也稱為英國大白，是起源於約克郡 (Yorkshire) 的一個家豬品種，因此也稱約克夏豬。這一品種在1868年首次得到認可，是北美的美國約克夏豬的品種來源。大白是世界上最著名的品種之一，廣泛應用於集約化養豬的雜交體系中。大白豬體格較大、毛色為白色，耳朵直立。成年公豬體重300－500公斤，母豬200－350公斤；繁殖力強，每胎產仔10－20頭。 大白豬最早是一種戶外品種，目前主要飼養於商品豬配種體系。

大白豬於1868年首次得到品種認可，是國家種豬育種聯合會 (National Pig Breeders' Association，現在是英國養豬協會 British Pig Association) 最初的創始品種之一，並在1884年發表了第一本品種手冊 (herdbook)。大白豬的早期歷史很難追溯。新品種在1831年的溫莎皇家展覽 (Windsor Royal Show) 首次得到關注。

19世紀末以前，英國大白已經在全世界建立了位置。一些育種者將種豬出品到澳大利亞、陳桐生、加拿大和俄羅斯以及大多數歐洲國家。1970年代早期，現代性能測定程序的開發拿到對英國大白豬的大範圍需求。在1970年代最初的3年中，超過8500頭大白種豬出品到世界上的各個地方。1990年代早期，美國將對活重的溢價更改為對瘦肉率的溢價，引起了新一輪英國大白的大量出口。



Large White (information from wikipedia)
The Large White, also known as the English Large White, is a breed of domestic pig originating in Yorkshire, hence also known as the Yorkshire pig. First recognized in 1868, the breed is the progenitor of the American Yorkshire (or simply Yorkshire) in North America. The Large White is one of the most numerous of all pig breeds, widely used in crossbreeding for intensive pig farming around the world. True to its name the breed is a big white-skinned pig, with erect ears and a dished face. It was originally developed as an outdoor breed, but today it is one of those favored by commercial pig breeders, lending uniformity to pigs produced for meat on a large scale.

First recognised in 1868, the Large White was one of the original founder breeds of the National Pig Breeders' Association (now known as the British Pig Association) and the first herdbook was published in 1884. The early history of the breed in Yorkshire is difficult to trace. The huge, coarse-boned and leggy white pigs of the region were crossed with other breeds. Davidson, in 'The Production and Marketing of Pigs', has suggested that among these were the Cumberland, Leicestershire, and the Middle and Small White. Specimens of the new breed first attracted attention at the Windsor Royal Show in 1831. The stock used in the development and improvement of the pigs of that area is not as important as what was finally produced as a breed.

這款步行灰狼可說是市面各家狼中毛最粗的，肌肉立體感分明，粗厚的毛流表現長期以來一直是P家模型的賣點，灰狼步態輕盈，目光如炬，表現出追蹤獵物時的專注與野性，非常優秀的作品 (實品毛色比型錄要更偏向黃色)，但就顏色怪怪的。

狼 (資料來自於維基百科)
狼 (學名：Canis lupus) ，或稱為灰狼，哺乳綱，犬科，DNA序列與基因研究顯示狼與家犬有共同的祖先，為現生犬科動物中體型最大的物種。狼這個物種曾是地球上分佈地區最廣的哺乳動物，包括北美和歐亞大陸，但如今在西歐、墨西哥與美國大部份地區已然絕跡。它們主要棲息在荒野或偏遠地區，但並不限於此。由於人類蓄意厭惡狼對豢養牲畜不顧一切的獵捕行為、以及害怕被狼攻擊的恐懼、棲息地大量的破壞，其棲息地已經縮減了三分之一。目前，狼主要分佈於亞洲、歐洲、北美和中東 (主要是北半球的溫帶區域) 。它們是生態系統原有的一部分，各地不同生態系統的多樣性，反映了狼這個物種的適應能力。這其中包括而不限於森林、沙漠、山地、寒帶草原、西伯利亞針葉林、草地。

雖然就整個物種而言，狼被世界自然保護聯盟列為絕種威脅程度最小的等級，然而在某些地區，不同亞種的狼被列為瀕臨絕種或是受絕種威脅的動物。現今在很多地區，狼仍然因為運動或是被視為對牲口威脅的原因，而遭受捕獵。

狼是社會性的獵食動物，狼群以核心家庭的形式組成，包括一對配偶、及其子女，有時也包括收養的未成年幼狼。狼屬於典型的食物鏈上層掠食者。在它們的棲息地中，只有人類和老虎對它們構成實質威脅。它們通常群體行動，由於狼會捕食羊等家畜，因此直到20世紀末期前都被人類大量捕殺，一些亞種如日本狼、紐芬蘭狼等都已經絕種，雖然有一些其它亞種已經確認，但亞種的確切數量仍舊未定。



Gray Wolf (information from wikipedia)
The gray wolf or grey wolf (Canis lupus) is a canid native to the wilderness and remote areas of North America, Eurasia, and North Africa. It is the largest member of its family, with males averaging 43–45 kg (95–99 lb), and females 36–38.5 kg (79–85 lb). It is similar in general appearance and proportions to a German shepherd, or sled dog, but has a larger head, narrower chest, longer legs, straighter tail, and bigger paws. Its winter fur is long and bushy, and predominantly a mottled gray in colour, although nearly pure white, red, or brown to black also occur.Within the genus Canis, the gray wolf represents a more specialised and progressive form than its smaller cousins (the coyote and golden jackal), as demonstrated by its morphological adaptations to hunting large prey, its more gregarious nature, and its highly advanced expressive behavior. It is a social animal, travelling in nuclear families consisting of a mated pair, accompanied by the pair's adult offspring. The gray wolf is typically an apex predator throughout its range, with only humans and tigers posing a serious threat to it. It feeds primarily on large ungulates, though it also eats smaller animals, livestock, carrion, and garbage.

The gray wolf is a slender, powerfully built animal with a large, deeply descending ribcage and a sloping back. Its abdomen is pulled in, and its neck heavily muscled. Its limbs are long and robust, with comparatively small paws. The front paws have five toes each, while the back paws have four. The forelimbs are seemingly pressed into the chest, with the elbows pointed inward, and the feet outward, thus allowing both fore and hind limbs on the same side to swing in the same line. The wolf's legs are moderately longer than those of other canids. This enables the animal to move swiftly, and allows it to overcome the deep snow that covers most of its geographical range. Females tend to have narrower muzzles and foreheads, thinner necks, slightly shorter legs and less massive shoulders than males. Compared to its smaller cousins (the coyote and golden jackal), the gray wolf is larger and heavier, with a broader snout, shorter ears, a shorter torso and longer tail.

牛族中的摔角選手，當初可說是為了搭配公牛才順道一起買了母牛和小牛 (笑)，這款頂著一頭小捲毛的公牛做得非常棒，相較之下母牛的頭部層次就單調了點，粗壯的牛頸和肩部，表現出這種生物的強壯感，S家的牛類科模型無別家能出其左右。目前公牛已經不出產，市面上偶爾能看到。

西門塔爾牛(資料來自於百度百科)
西門塔爾牛原產於瑞士西部的阿爾卑斯山區，主要產地為西門塔爾平原和薩能平原。在法、德、奧等國邊鄰地區也有分佈。西門塔爾牛占瑞士全國牛只的50%、奧 地利占63%、前西德占39%，現已分佈到很多國家，成為世界上分佈最廣，數量最多的乳、肉、役兼用品種之一。阿爾卑斯山冰川融水，滋養著瑞士百立樂的純 淨牧場，生長出被譽為世界上最好的草料，而這裡的牧民又以平均十畝的牧場面積，僅餵養一頭瑞士良種的奶牛西門塔爾牛。

該牛毛色為黃白花或淡紅白花，頭、胸、腹下、四肢及尾帚多為白色，皮肢為粉紅色，頭較長，面寬；角較細而向外上方彎曲，尖端稍向上。頸長中等；體軀長，呈 圓筒狀，肌肉豐滿；前軀較後軀發育好，胸深，尻寬平，四肢結實，大腿肌肉發達；乳房發育好，成年公牛體重乎均為800~1200千克，母牛650~800千克。




Simmental cattle (information from wikipedia)
Simmental cattle are a versatile breed of cattle originating in the valley of the Simme River, in the Bernese Oberland of western Switzerland. Among the older and most widely distributed of all breeds of cattle in the world, and recorded since the Middle Ages, the Simmental breed has contributed to the creation of several other famous European breeds, including the Montbeliarde (France), the Razzeta d'Oropa (Italy), and the Fleckvieh (Germany).

The Simmental has historically been used for dairy and beef, and as draught animals. They are particularly renowned for the rapid growth of their young, if given sufficient feed. Simmentals provide more combined weaning gain (growth) and milk yield than any other breed.

目前為止市面上個人最喜歡的一組長頸鹿，牠們曾是我童年時期最喜歡的動物，無論是身上花紋，褐色腳踝，或鹿蹄都塗裝的很細緻，成獸寬厚的胸和細長的腿顯示出這種巨獸的力量與優雅，美中不足之處：幼獸的臉看起來有點怪，但又說不出個所以然。

網紋長頸鹿 (資料來自於維基百科)
網紋長頸鹿 (學名：Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata) ，俗稱索馬里長頸鹿 (Somali giraffe) ，是原生於索馬利亞、衣索比亞南部以及肯亞北部的長頸鹿亞種。在人工飼育或是在野外接觸亞種族群的情況下，網紋長頸鹿能和其他長頸鹿亞種進行交配。

網紋長頸鹿是九種長頸鹿亞種之中最有名的一種，同時，牠和羅氏長頸鹿同為目前為止動物園內最常見的長頸鹿。網紋長頸鹿的毛皮上有被白色線條網路描繪出的多邊形深栗色的大斑點。這些斑點有可能是深紅色的，也有可能延伸到腿部。長頸鹿會有如此超乎尋常的高度歸因於一種被稱作「角力」的儀式，也就是兩隻公長頸鹿為了取得繁殖的權利，而以脖子甩到對方身上進行攻擊的一種打鬥，擁有最高、最長脖子的長頸鹿將會勝出，並取得交配的權利，從而將這些基因傳給下一代。

網紋長頸鹿是草食性動物，根據紀錄，牠們以超過一百種的植物為食，其中又以金合歡、沒藥屬和欖仁樹的葉子為主食。長頸鹿曾被觀察到吃羚羊的屍體及啃食乾枯的骨頭來滿足鈣質攝取。




Reticulated Giraffe (information from wikipedia)
The reticulated giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata), also known as the Somali giraffe, is a subspecies of giraffe native to Somalia, southern Ethiopia, and northern Kenya. Reticulated giraffes can interbreed with other giraffe subspecies in captivity or if they come into contact with populations of other subspecies in the wild.

The reticulated giraffe is among the most well-known of the nine giraffe subspecies. Together with the Rothschild giraffe, it is by far the giraffe most commonly seen in zoos. Its coat consists of large, polygonal, liver-colored spots outlined by a network of bright-white lines. The blocks may sometimes appear deep red and may also cover the legs. The extraordinary height of giraffes is attributed to a ritual known as "necking", where two males fight for reproduction rights by slamming their necks into one another. The giraffes with the tallest and strongest necks are victorious and allowed to reproduce, thus passing these genes on to future generations.

Mojö是一個很年輕的品牌，旗下產品累積到現在並不算多，它成立那年我剛好開始收集動物模型，這款黑熊可說是市面上個人最喜歡的，小小亮亮的眼睛配上兩頰長毛，因攝影角度關係，熊頭看起來好像有點大 (本尊其實還好)，噴色表現樸實，與各家華麗噴色手法相較之下，Mojö 似乎比較擅長這種毛色偏深而沒有太多層次的塗裝手法。

美洲黑熊 (資料來自於維基百科)
美洲黑熊 (學名：Ursus americanus) ，是生存於北美洲的一種熊科熊屬的動物。分布範圍除從阿拉斯加南部一直到墨西哥北部，包括了美國39個州和的加拿大除愛德華王子島的所有省份。食物百分之七十五以上為植物。目前主要生存在北美洲的各個國家公園和山區間。據估計，在人類未抵美洲前，曾有上百萬隻，全新世前一度減少到二十萬隻，現在大約已增加到六十萬隻。

黑熊喜歡生活在森林和灌叢，如潮濕草地、山背頂、被燒過地區、河岸地區和山崩斜道。牠們也常出入在較潮濕硬木樹和針葉樹森林。在冬眠後的春天，牠們會在南面的低斜坡覓食，之後在夏天搬到北面和東面的高斜坡。黑熊用稠密的蓋來藏起自己和保熱功能，相好像被子一樣。當牠們遇到危險時會爬到樹上，和用森林地區作為行走迴廊。黑熊在冬天冬眠，並在樹洞、圓木或石下、河堤邊、山洞、暗溝和淺窪地建立巢穴。


American Black Bear (information from wikipedia)
The American black bear (Ursus americanus) is a medium-sized bear native to North America. It is the continent's smallest and most widely distributed bear species. Black bears are omnivores with their diets varying greatly depending on season and location. They typically live in largely forested areas, but do leave forests in search of food. Sometimes they become attracted to human communities because of the immediate availability of food. The American black bear is the world's most common bear species.

Although they live in North America, American black bears are not closely related to brown bears and polar bears; genetic studies reveal that they split from a common ancestor 5.05 million years ago. Both American and Asian black bears are considered sister taxa, and are more closely related to each other than to other species of bear. Reportedly, the Sun Bear is also a relatively recent split from this lineage.

海洋堂出了好幾版不同的西表山猫，其中這隻小山貓可說是我最喜歡的，大大的藍綠色眼睛，黑色眼線和臉部的白色紋路也仔細刻劃出來。

西表山貓 (資料來自於維基百科)
西表山貓 (日語：西表山猫，學名：P. iriomotensis) ，又稱西表貓，是棲息在日本琉球列島八重山群島中西表島上的一種貓科動物，是日本的特有種，曾被認為是豹貓 (P. bengalensis) 的亞種。在當地的方言中，西表山貓被稱作「ヤママヤー」(山裡的貓)、「ピンギーマヤー」(逃走的貓)及「ヤマピカリャー」，可以得知西表山貓並不是由家貓野生化而成的野貓。1965年3月，動物作家戶川幸夫收集到了西表山貓的頭骨及毛皮標本，並進行相關研究。1967年捕獲了野生個體 (公、母貓各一) 。同年，日本國立科學博物館館長今泉吉典，將西表山貓作為新品種命名，在學會上發表。在當時，前一次發現野生貓的新品種已是70年前的事情，因此這被當作20世紀生物學上最大的發現。而西表島的面積只有約290平方公里，這也是世界上有山貓存在的島嶼中最小的。

其生活方式至今尚未明朗。除繁殖期會成對行動外，平時均單獨生活。主要在沿岸地區高度較低的區域生活，喜歡濕地和川邊。平時在地面生活，但會爬樹及游泳。食物來源廣泛，會捕食鳥類、鼠類、蜥蜴、蛇、青蛙、蝦、小河蟹、昆蟲等，有時也會捕捉幼野豬，也有潛水捕捉獵物的習性。被人圈養的西表山貓「ケイ太」除了肉類以外，每天也吃嫩草。多數山貓可以迅速確實的以獠牙插入獵物的脊髓來殺害獵物，但還不確定西表山貓是否也是如此。在島上沒有天敵，為唯一的肉食哺乳類動物，位於島的食物鏈的頂點。


Iriomote cat (information from wikipedia)
RThe Iriomote cat (Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis) is a subspecies of the leopard cat that lives exclusively on the Japanese island of Iriomote. It has been classified as Critically Endangered by IUCN since 2008, as the population size is fewer than 250, is declining, and consists of a single subpopulation. As of 2007, there are an estimated 100–109 individuals remaining.

The Iriomote cat is indigenous to the Japanese island of Iriomote, which spans about 290 square kilometers.The cats are predominantly found in the subtropical forests that cover the island, no higher than 200 meters above sea level, and prefer areas near rivers, forest edges, and places with low humidity. Iriomote cats are terrestrial, but climb trees, go into the water and also swim.[12][15] They are nocturnal and especially active during twilight hours. During the daytime, they sleep in tree hollows or in caves. They mark their territory by urinating and defecating on rocks, tree stumps and bushes. Their home ranges vary from 1 to 7 km2 (0.39 to 2.7 sq mi) big.

馬來貘和貓熊一樣黑白分明，似豬似象，臉上掛著長長的鼻子，肥碩的屁股走路時搖來搖去，是讓人印象深刻的動物。Phat Company 出品的馬來貊相較於和其它品牌的貘雖然體型偏大，但絕對精品，那雙帶紅血絲的眼睛特寫實，貘身黑色部位噴色偏紫紅灰，和它牌比起來容易掉漆，建議入手者要好好保管。如同大部份絕版商品，網拍尚有少許店家有販售，價格不漂亮。

馬來貘 (資料來自於維基百科)
馬來貘 (學名：Tapirus indicus) 又叫亞洲貘、印度貘，是貘屬下的一個種，屬於奇蹄目貘科。馬來貘為中大型哺乳動物，前肢有四趾，後肢有三趾。一般而言，馬來貘體長為1.8至2.4公尺之間，站立高度有90至110厘米高，成體重量約在250至320公斤之間，有些特例可以長到410公斤那麼重；雌性的馬來貘通常比雄性的體型來得大，身體渾圓可愛，皮厚毛硬，全身除中後段有如穿著肚兜、包著尿布的白色體毛外，其牠部位皆呈黑色。小貘出生時，身體有條紋狀的保護色、棕毛。其貌「似豬不是豬、似象不是象」，故也有古書稱之「四不像」

馬來貘分布於東南亞的馬來半島、蘇門答臘、泰國、柬埔寨和緬甸，生活在低海拔的熱帶雨林。因此，在人類的伐木及開發熱帶雨林林地以作為農工用地之時，便造成了馬來貘棲地破壞、無法生存的後果。目前，全球各地的馬來貘數目約有3200隻，其中約有200隻是在動物園內飼養，約3000隻是在野外生存。1994年，世界自然保護聯盟將牠們列入瀕危物種紅色名錄之中，等級是VU (即易危物種) ，與環尾狐猴及大白鯊等獲同級保育。貘具有長長的鼻子，鼻子相當敏銳，可以偵測食物、危險，也可以在水裡伸出鼻子呼吸，由於視力不好，平常以聽覺及嗅覺為主，當馬來貘受到威脅時，牠可以拔腿就跑，若是跑得不夠快，還可以躲到水裡，伸出鼻子，其實牠們也可以靠有力的下顎及尖銳的牙齒來保衛自己。




Malayan tapir (information from wikipedia)
The Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), also called the Asian tapir, is the largest of the five species of tapir and the only one native to Asia. The scientific name refers to the East Indies, the species' natural habitat. In the Malay language, the tapir is commonly referred to as cipan, tenuk or badak tampung.The animal is easily identified by its markings, most notably the light-colored patch which extends from its shoulders to its rear end. The rest of its hair is black, except for the tips of its ears, which, as with other tapirs, are rimmed with white. This pattern is for camouflage; the disrupted coloration makes it more difficult to recognize it as a tapir, and other animals may mistake it for a large rock rather than prey when it is lying down to sleep.

Malayan tapirs have very poor eyesight, making them rely greatly on their excellent sense of smell and hearing to go about in their everyday lives. They have small, beady eyes with brown irises on either side of their faces. Their eyes are often covered in a blue haze, which is corneal cloudiness thought to be caused by repetitive exposure to light. Corneal cloudiness is when the cornea starts to lose its transparency. The cornea is necessary for the transmitting and focusing of outside light as it enters the eye, and cloudiness can cause vision loss. This causes the Malayan tapir to have very inadequate vision, both on land and in water, where they spend the majority of their time. Also, as these tapirs are most active at night and since they have poor eyesight, it is harder for them to search for food and avoid predators in the dark.

白狼是我最喜歡的動物，給人一種冰清玉潔的夢幻感，Safari這款白狼背部為淺藍噴色 (有些人分享的版本顏色很明顯~~我手上這隻還好)，大腿內側印有編號，這是safari旗下產品的特色，和Papo的恐怖爆炸毛白狼相較起來，實在是上相太多了。

北極狼 (資料來自於維基百科)
北極狼（學名：Canis lupus arctos），又稱白狼，是犬科的哺乳動物，也是灰狼的亞種，分佈於歐亞大陸北部、加拿大北部和格陵蘭北部。北極狼一般比灰狼小，連尾巴長約3至5尺，成年的北極狼僅高3英尺；雄性比雌性的體型要大。牠們肩膀的高度由25到31英寸不等；北極狼一般重逾100磅，一隻成熟的雄性甚至可重達175磅。

像其他所有狼一般，北極狼是一群一群的集體捕獵動物的，通常是5至10隻組成一群；牠們大多捕食馴鹿和麝牛，但亦會捕殺北極兔、旅鼠、駝鹿、魚類、海象和其他動物，有時甚至會攻擊人類。北極狼主要分布在北極地區，包括加拿大北部和格陵蘭北部。北極狼是灰狼唯一在其原始分佈地的亞種；其主要原因是因為在牠們的天然棲息地遇到人類的機會不大。




Arctic Wolf (information from wikipedia)
The arctic wolf (Canis lupus arctos), also called snow wolf or white wolf, is a subspecies of the gray wolf, a mammal of the family Canidae. Arctic wolves inhabit the Canadian Arctic, Alaska and the northern parts of Greenland. They also have white fur and long canine teeth for killing their prey. The arctic wolf inhabits the Canadian Arctic and the islands, parts of Alaska and northern parts of Greenland. Their habitat extends from 70° North latitude and higher. They have lived in North America for more than two million years. When they find a den, they make a couple of chambers for food and young. The arctic wolf is the only subspecies of the Gray Wolf that still can be found over the whole of its original range, largely because, in their natural habitat, they rarely encounter humans. The arctic wolf is also the only subspecies of wolf which is not threatened - their remote home means that they are relatively safe from man's activities, both in terms of hunting and habitat destruction.

The arctic wolf can withstand the arctic weather, with the help in their thoroughly insulated fur. They can survive in sub-zero temperatures for years, in absolute darkness for five months per year, and without food for weeks. Arctic Wolves usually travel in packs of 2 to 20. They live in small family groups: a breeding pair (alpha male and female) and their pups, or as baby wolves. The pack works together to feed and care for their pups. Lone arctic wolves are young males that have left their pack to seek their own territories. They avoid other wolves, unless they are able to mate. Having found an abandoned territory, a lone arctic wolf will claim it by marking the territory with its scent, then gather other lone wolves into its pack. When the female is pregnant, she leaves the pack to dig a den to raise her pups. If the ice is too thick, she will move to a den or cave to make it a home.

獅子一家已經有許多國內外網友介紹過，特別是步行母獅，幾乎每位收藏者都會收，無論動態噴色皆讓人愛不釋手，可謂貓科動物中的經典代表 (另一隻經典貓科是Papo的美洲虎，之後會陸續介紹)，相對於母獅，個人對公獅的評測略低，比例看起來頭感覺有點大，兩隻小獅動態活潑可愛，細節有處理的很棒。

獅 (資料來自於維基百科)
獅，俗稱獅子（古稱狻猊／狻麑），被人稱為「萬獸之王」。獅是一種生存在非洲和亞洲的大型貓科動物，豹屬四種著名的大型貓科動物之一。其雄性的鬃毛是其特徵之一，過去牠分布在多個洲，但因為人類的開發，現代的獅群生存環境與分佈已經大大縮小了。

過去從歐洲南部、西亞、印度和非洲都有獅。冰川期間一個亞種還在中歐和北美洲生存過，但冰川期後牠們就消失了。按當時學者的報導，到古希臘時期在巴爾幹半島還有獅生存。今天絕大多數獅生活在非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南，撒哈拉沙漠以北的獅於1940年代滅絕。21世紀時在亞洲的獅幾乎全部被消滅，只有在印度的一個自然公園還有少數倖存。過去除森林外，獅在所有的生態環境中都有，今天牠們的生存環境大大地縮小了。牠們比較喜歡草原，也在旱林和半沙漠中出現，但不生存在沙漠和雨林中。

與其牠大型犬科相同為群體生活。是以雄性為主的群體，一個獅群主要由互相之間有親緣關係的雌獸組成和少數的雄獅組成。地形和獵物的多少決定一個群的大小，一個群可以由3至50隻獅組成。一般在一個獅群中只有一隻成年的雄獅，除非在討戰獅群上一任首領雄獅是兩隻以上一起時才會有兩隻以上的成年雄獅，而這兩隻以上的雄獅則會共享師群中的雌獅，但這樣的案例極少；至於未成年的雄獅在獅群中一般待三年，也就是出生到青年，一但到了青年就會被驅逐以防過度的近親交配，而雌獸則留在群內。


無論那個角度或細結都完美無暇，拍起來實在是好看，連爪子的陰影和趾縫都處理到位。


公獅份量十足，肌肉感比母獅更明顯，金玉也有做出來。

Lion (information from wikipedia)
The lion (Panthera leo) is one of the four big cats in the genus Panthera and a member of the family Felidae. With some males exceeding 250 kg (550 lb) in weight, it is the second-largest living cat after the tiger. Wild lions currently exist in sub-Saharan Africa and in Asia (where an endangered remnant population resides in Gir Forest National Park in India) while other types of lions have disappeared from North Africa and Southwest Asia in historic times. Until the late Pleistocene, about 10,000 years ago, the lion was the most widespread large land mammal after humans. They were found in most of Africa, across Eurasia from western Europe to India, and in the Americas from the Yukon to Peru. The lion is a vulnerable species, having seen a major population decline in its African range of 30–50% per two decades during the second half of the 20th century. Lion populations are untenable outside designated reserves and national parks. Although the cause of the decline is not fully understood, habitat loss and conflicts with humans are currently the greatest causes of concern. Within Africa, the West African lion population is particularly endangered.

Lions live for 10–14 years in the wild, while in captivity they can live longer than 20 years. In the wild, males seldom live longer than 10 years, as injuries sustained from continual fighting with rival males greatly reduce their longevity. They typically inhabit savanna and grassland, although they may take to bush and forest. Lions are unusually social compared to other cats. A pride of lions consists of related females and offspring and a small number of adult males. Groups of female lions typically hunt together, preying mostly on large ungulates. Lions are apex and keystone predators, although they scavenge as opportunity allows. While lions do not typically hunt humans, some have been known to do so. Sleeping mainly during the day, lions are primarily nocturnal, although bordering on crepuscular in nature.

非常精緻的鳥類小品，拼裝方式特別，漸層噴色的羽毛讓鴛鴦仿彿活了起來。

鴛鴦 (資料來自於維基百科)
鴛鴦 (學名：Aix galericula)，又名烏仁哈欽、官鴨、匹鳥、鄧木鳥，是經常出現在中國古代文學作品和神話傳説中的鳥類。鴛指雄鳥，鴦指雌鳥。鴛鴦在動物分類學上屬於雁形目鴨科鴛鴦屬。棲息於溪流、沼澤、湖泊等處；常見於闊葉樹林環繞的沼澤、蘆葦叢生的水面。白天常在水面中心處漂浮遊盪，夜間常在闊葉樹林中活動，晨昏常在水田和岸邊的沼澤地活動。

雄性鴛鴦色彩極為艷麗，喙為少見的鮮紅色，端部具亮黃色嘴甲。額部和頭頂中央為帶有金屬光澤的翠綠色，枕部紅銅色的羽毛後頸暗綠按紫色的羽毛都很長，形成一個很有特色的「頭套」上體深色腰部和背部褐色並帶有綠色的金屬光澤，下體淺色，最具有特色的是最後一枚三級飛羽特化，形成面積很大樹立於背部的帆狀結構，為耀眼的桔紅色，這是鴛鴦的一個顯著特徵。雌性鴛鴦遠不如雄性鴛鴦漂亮，通體顏色為暗啞的灰色，也不具有雄鳥所具有的「帆狀三級飛羽」雌鳥的辨識特徵為鮮明的白色貫眼紋，喙灰色。


Mandarin Duck Bird (information from wikipedia)
The Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata), or just Mandarin, is a medium-sized, East Asian perching duck, closely related to the North American Wood Duck.The adult male is a striking and unmistakable bird. It has a red bill, large white crescent above the eye and reddish face and "whiskers". The breast is purple with two vertical white bars, and the flanks ruddy, with two orange "sails" at the back. The female is similar to female Wood Duck, with a white eye-ring and stripe running back from the eye, but is paler below, has a small white flank stripe, and a pale tip to its bill. The Mandarin ducklings are almost identical in look to Wood ducklings, and appear very similar to Mallard ducklings. The ducklings can be distinguished from Mallard ducklings because the eye-stripe of Mandarin ducklings (and Wood ducklings) stops at the eye, while in Mallard ducklings it reaches all the way to the bill.

There are various mutations of the Mandarin Duck found in captivity. The most common is the white Mandarin Duck. Although the origin of this mutation is unknown, it is presumed that the constant pairing of related birds and selective breeding led to recessive gene combinations leading to genetic conditions including albinism.

這頭大肥豬的身價在網拍上炒的火熱，外國購物網甚至飆到千元一頭，垂掛的大肚囊和瞇成一條縫的小眼睛非常逗趣，早期的產品在塗裝上雖然不如近年新品來的精緻，也別有特色 (此豬2014年重新登場，實品比舊款豬還小一倍)。

大肚豬 (資料來自於維基百科)
大肚豬是家豬的一個品種，源自於越南。牠們較一般美國或歐洲的家豬為細小，只有中等或大型的狗品種的大小，但其身體就重27-136公斤。牠們與其他家豬品種的分別在於其大小、直立的耳朵及筆直的尾巴。正常重量的大肚豬應可以看見其眼睛，若眼睛上有肥肉，或肚子貼近地面，則顯示牠們是超重。

大肚豬與一般的家豬及野豬屬於同一物種，牠們之間可以雜交。瑞典自1980年代中就輸出大量家豬的品種到越南，來增加豬肉的生產。不過，後來發現越南本土大肚豬亞種只在越南及泰國山區生存，越南政府於是資助飼養本土的大肚豬。




Pot-bellied pig (information from wikipedia)
The pot-bellied pig is a breed of domesticated pig originating in Vietnam.

Considerably smaller than standard American or European farm pigs, most adult pot-bellied pigs are about the size of a medium- or large-breed dog, though their bodies are denser at 8 to 136 kg (20 to 300 lb). There is a dispute between pig breeders and pig advocates over what the appropriate minimum weight of a healthy adult pot-bellied pig should be, with some advocates claiming that a pig under approximately 60 pounds would be severely malnourished or dangerously stunted, and some breeders claiming that it is possible to selectively breed a pig that will reach a healthy optimal weight at 20 - 30 pounds. Fat rolls over the eyes or a belly that touches the ground are visual indicators that a pig is overweight. In a pig of normal weight, hip bones can easily be felt with minimal pressure and the eyes (whole socket) should be easily visible. Pot-bellied pigs can be easily discerned from other pig breeds by their size, upright ears, and straight tail. Not all pure sub-species have a pot belly and a swayed back.

夏洛來牛各大廠都有出，但S家的這頭牛媽拍起照來真的很上相，特別是頸部，臉部與腹部皮膚的折痕更讓人愛不釋手。我第一眼看到牠就愛上了，所以毫不猶豫的入手，塗色是非常罕見的淺黃色混合粉紅色，隨著光線改變會產生不同色澤，豐腴的牛體讓人聯想到楊貴妃。

夏洛來牛 (資料來自於維基百科)
夏洛來牛 (法語：Charolaise) ，是一種發源於法國夏洛來省的家牛品種。這是一種著名的肉用牛類，其全身呈白色，世界上許多國家都進行了引進。這種牛肉質出眾，其與安格斯牛和海福特牛的雜交品種更是高品質。該品種肌肉發達，公牛重達1100千克 (2,400磅) 和母牛重量可達900公斤 (2000磅)。1940年代，該品種引入美國南部。1960年代引入美國北部。它在美國很受歡迎，該品種紅肉更多，脂肪較少。




Charolais cattle (information from wikipedia)
Charolais cattle are a beef breed of cattle (Bos taurus) which originated in Charolais, around Charolles, in France. They are raised for their meat and are known for their composite qualities when crossed with other breeds, most notably Angus and Hereford cattle. The breed was introduced in the southern US as early as the 1940s it was the 1st herd in the USA then the 2nd herd was introduced in the north in the 1960s It was the first popular breed after the English breeds and Brahmans. It was known to produce beef animals that had more red meat and less fat. The breed was often crossed with English breeds.

The coat is almost pure white. The Australian and Canadian breed standards also recognise cattle possessing a light red colour called 'Red Factor' Charolais. The term Charbray refers to the offspring of Charolais crossed with Brahmans and is recognised as a breed in its own right.

腿和蹄部非常細的山羌模型，如放置在不平坦的地面上容易倒下，後腿和身體的接痕做得非常自然，出品至今已過10年，海洋堂的動物在接縫的處理上真的是越來越好。這隻小動物和歐美系的大羚羊擺放在一起比例也很搭。

山羌 (資料來自於維基百科)
身長不及一米，雄性有短角而雌性僅有骨質隆起，在鹿科動物中公山羌的角並不特化，且保有其他鹿科動物所沒有的上犬齒，靠保護色及靈敏的行動來避敵，雄性額內緣至角基內側各有一黑色條紋，雌性則在額前有盾型班塊，白色的腹部以及尾巴下方的白色也是主要特徵，叫聲似犬吠。

山羌自然分布於華中、華南地區與臺灣，另外也有人為引入的族群分布於日 (房總半島、伊豆大島) 及英國 (德比郡以南) 等地；由低海拔到海拔3,000公尺都有分佈，從闊葉林及水源處也可找到牠們。許多人會將山羌與赤麂混淆，甚至誤將兩者視為同一種動物，但其實不然。事實上山羌和赤麂是不同品種，兩者外形很相似，山羌身形較小，膚色由黃色至棕色都有；赤麂身形較龐大，一般呈紅棕色。


Reeves's Muntjac (information from wikipedia)
Reeves's muntjac is a muntjac species found widely in southeastern China (Gansu to Yunnan) and in Taiwan. They have also been introduced in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom (south England, the Midlands, and east Wales) and Ireland by 2008. It feeds on herbs, blossoms, succulent shoots, grasses and nuts, and was also reported to eat trees. It takes its name from John Reeves, who was appointed Assistant Inspector of Tea for the British East India Company in 1812.

Reeves's muntjac is also called the barking deer, known for its distinctive bark, though this name is also used for the other species of muntjacs. The male has short antlers, usually four inches or less, and uses them to push enemies off balance so he can wound them with his upper two inch canine teeth.

非常少見而且冷門的鳥類模型，這隻大笨鳥的塗裝和表情刻劃可說是絕對精品，鯨頭鸛是一種長相奇特的鳥，尤其頭後方長的那撮呆毛讓牠更顯傻氣，Phat Company 出品的心跳動物系列包含馬來貊，鯨頭鸛，水豚，草泥馬四種，其中馬來貊和鯨頭鸛我都有，草泥馬雖然是當下最夯物種，原本也有想入手的意願，後來目測覺得塗裝可能不如預期喜愛，最終沒下手 (草泥馬的頭頸部位不知為何越看越覺得像毛毛蟲)。這系列的模型市面上已經相當少見而且價格不漂亮 (當初入手價比現在網拍價要少一倍)。曾有外國獸友問我何處可買到這隻鯨頭鸛，我只能回答：不知道。心跳動物模型絕版已久，目前在日本網拍上亦難入手，所以真的要看個人運氣。

鯨頭鸛 (資料來自於維基百科)
鯨頭鸛（學名：Balaeniceps rex）是一種與鸛科相親的非常大的鳥，它是鯨頭鸛科和鯨頭鸛屬唯一的一個種。它的名稱來自於它強大的喙。

鯨頭鸛身長可達150厘米，成年鳥羽主要為灰色，幼鳥的羽毛主要為棕色。鯨頭鸛生活在非洲東部熱帶地區從蘇丹共和國到尚比亞的巨大沼澤地區。鯨頭鸛在泥水中捕魚，其食物主要是肺魚類或類似的魚。它們的巢築在地面上，每次產兩枚卵。鯨頭鸛的數量估計在5000至8000隻之間，大多數生活在蘇丹。國際鳥盟將其保護現狀定為易危。危害的主要來源是棲息地遭破壞、干擾和捕獵。鯨頭鸛的分類很有爭議，傳統地它被分為鸛形目，在鳥類DNA分類系統中許多傳統不相關的鳥類全部被收錄入了鸛形目。最近也有些學者使用比較解剖學的方法認為它與鵜鶘比較接近，其他學者則使用生物化學的手段認為它比較接近鷺科。




Shoebill (information from wikipedia)
The Shoebill (Balaeniceps rex) also known as Whalehead or Shoe-billed Stork, is a very large stork-like bird. It derives its name from its massive shoe-shaped bill. Although it has a somewhat stork-like overall form and has previously been classified in the order Ciconiiformes, its true affiliations with other living birds is ambiguous. Some authorities now reclassify it with the Pelecaniformes. The adult is mainly grey while the juveniles are browner. It lives in tropical east Africa in large swamps from Sudan to Zambia.

The Shoebill is noted for its slow movements and tendency to remain still for long periods, resulting in repeated descriptions of the species as "statue-like". They are quite sensitive to human disturbance and may abandon their nests if flushed by humans. However, while foraging, if dense vegetation stands between it and humans, this wader can be fairly tame. The Shoebill is attracted to poorly oxygenated waters where fish frequently surface to breathe. Exceptionally for a bird this large, the Shoebill often stands and perches on floating vegetation, making them appear somewhat like a giant jacana, although the similarly-sized and occasionally sympatric Goliath heron (Ardea goliath) is also known to stand on aquatic vegetation. Shoebills typically feed in muddy waters and, being solitary birds, forage at a minimum distance of 20 m (66 ft) from one another even where relatively densely populated.

2013羚羊系列在我心目中的排名如下：印度黑羚＞中南大羚＞彎角劍羚，當初官圖發佈時，這隻彎角劍羚原本是我最期盼的新品，拿到實品時感覺略有落差 (雖然也算水準之作) ，蹄部深灰色的塗裝和紅棕色的體毛搭起來有點突兀。

彎角劍羚 (資料來自於維基百科)
彎角劍羚 (Oryx dammah) ，又名白長角羚及白劍羚，是長角羚屬的一種，生活於整個北非地區。一般認為彎角劍羚已經在野外滅絕，但有報導稱小部份仍在尼日中部及乍德生存。

彎角劍羚肩高僅多於1米，重約200公斤。毛皮呈白色，胸部呈紅褐色，前額延至鼻端都有黑紋。牠的角幼長，像彎刀般向後彎曲，雄性及雌性的角都可長達1-1.25米。彎角劍羚棲息於草原及沙漠，專吃樹葉、草及水果。牠們的群族可達70頭，遷徙時會聚集幾千頭。牠們可以幾個星期不喝水也能生存，原因是牠們的腎臟可以阻止流失水份及控制體溫來避免流汗。

彎角劍羚因其角而被獵殺至接近滅絕。牠們曾一度分佈在整個撒哈拉沙漠，但現時已被認為是野外滅絕，不過仍有未經證實的報導稱在乍德及尼日發現牠們的蹤跡。1960年代曾有哺養彎曲劍羚的計劃。1996年統計有2145頭彎角劍羚在德克薩斯州，及最少有1250頭在其他地方的動物園及公園生存。在突尼西亞有一個群族被保存了下來，並正計劃擴展至野外。


Scimitar-Horned Oryx (information from wikipedia)
The scimitar oryx or scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), also known as the Sahara oryx, is a species of Oryx now extinct in the wild. It formerly inhabited all of North Africa. It has a long taxonomic history since its discovery in 1816 by Lorenz Oken, who named it the Oryx algazel. This spiral-horned antelope stands a little more than 1 metre (3.3 ft) at the shoulder. The males weigh 140–210 kg (310–460 lb) and the females weigh 91–140 kg (200–310 lb). The coat is white with a red-brown chest and black markings on the forehead and down the length of the nose. The calves are born with a yellow coat, and the distinguishing marks are initially absent. The coats change to adult coloration at 3–12 months old.

The scimitar oryx formed herds of mixed sexes of up to 70 members, usually guided by the bulls. They inhabited semideserts and deserts and were adapted to live in the extreme heat, with their efficient cooling mechanism and very low requirement of water. Scimitar oryx feed on foliage, grasses, succulent plants and plant parts during the night or early morning. Births peak between March and October. After a gestation of eight to nine months, one calf is born. Soon after, the female has a postpartum estrus.

已經由產線退役的犛牛，目測再過一陣子將會在線上引發炒價熱潮 (大多廠商手上還有庫存，想入手的人可考慮看看) ，S家牛族中毛最長的一款 (由上方角度看下去，牛身比較單薄)，不同於以往大多人對犛牛黑黃毛的印象，噴色是由深灰到米白色漸層，牛角尖端為黑色，可能這種毛色的牛是犛牛和家牛的混種？所以白色的毛下有著黑灰色的皮膚。

氂牛 (資料來自於維基百科)
野生的氂牛的肩高可達兩米，馴養的氂牛一般只有一半高，野氂牛和家氂牛都有長毛來禦寒，野氂牛一般是棕色或黑色的，家氂牛也有白色的。氂牛主要因為它們的奶和肉而被馴養，不過當地的牧民、商人和登山者也用它們來馱運重物。

野氂牛又叫野牛，藏名音譯亞歸。偶蹄目，牛科，牛亞科、氂牛屬。是家氂牛的野生同類，典型的高寒動物，性極耐寒。青藏高原特有牛種，為國家一類保護動物。分布於新疆南部、青海、西藏、甘肅西北部和四川西部等地。棲息于海拔3000~6000米的高山草甸地帶，人跡罕至的高山大峰、山間盆地、高寒草原、高寒荒漠草原等各種環境中。野氂牛是家氂牛的祖先，曾經分布很廣泛，現在僅存在青藏高原上。野氂牛體重可達1000公斤以上，身體呈黑褐色，體側下方和腿部有濃密的長毛，適於嚴寒環境中生活。




Yak (information from wikipedia)
The yak (Bos grunniens and Bos mutus) is a long-haired bovid found throughout the Himalayan region of south Central Asia, the Tibetan Plateau and as far north as Mongolia and Russia. Most yaks are domesticated yaks, Bos grunniens. There is also a small, vulnerable population of wild yaks, Bos mutus. In the 1990s, a concerted effort was undertaken to help save the wild yak population.

Yaks belong to the genus Bos, and are therefore related to cattle (Bos primigenius taurus, Bos primigenius indicus). Mitochondrial DNA analyses to determine the evolutionary history of yaks have been somewhat ambiguous. The yak may have diverged from cattle at any point between one and five million years ago, and there is some suggestion that it may be more closely related to bison than to the other members of its designated genus. Apparent close fossil relatives of the yak, such as Bos baikalensis, have been found in eastern Russia, suggesting a possible route by which yak-like ancestors of the modern American bison could have entered the Americas.

品牌 (Brand)：Safari
出品年份 (Release Year)：2010
產品編號 (Item Number)：297329
尺寸 (Size)：12.5cm x 7cm
喜愛程度（10為滿分）：❤❤❤❤❤ ❤❤❤
產地 (Original)：美(USA)





Indian Rhinoceros (information from wikipedia)
The Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), also called the greater one-horned rhinoceros and Indian one-horned rhinoceros, belongs to the Rhinocerotidae family. Listed as a vulnerable species, the large mammal is primarily found in north-eastern India's Assam and in protected areas in the Terai of Nepal, where populations are confined to the riverine grasslands in the foothills of the Himalayas.

Indian rhinos have few natural enemies, except for tigers, which sometimes kill unguarded calves, but adult rhinos are less vulnerable due to their size. Mynahs and egrets both eat invertebrates from the rhino's skin and around its feet. Tabanus flies, a type of horse-fly, are known to bite rhinos. The rhinos are also vulnerable to diseases spread by parasites such as leeches, ticks, and nematodes. Anthrax and the blood-disease septicemia are known to occur.